Monday, 13 October 2014

Genre - 30 minutes

Essay

To what extent does your thriller conform to traditional structures of genre?

My thriller follows some but not all genre structures.  We didn’t include everything that each theory included as we didn’t need to. Many things are expected in thrillers and to carry this out we needed to include that so it would conform to that theory.

Neale’s theory was that over time the thriller is dynamic and evolves over time. My thriller does not conform to this as the thriller does not evolve over time due to showing the reason as to why the men are meeting and exchanging package is shown at the end of the thriller. If it was to evolve over time the kidnapped girl would be shown at the beginning.

Chandler’s theory is that the setting, prop, costume, camera angles and lighting. The settings of the place is in a busy town using a male in suite as this

5 Theories - Pre Reading

5 Theories
- Tzetvan Todorov
- Vladimir Propp
- Claude Levi-Strauss
- Tim O'Sullivan
- Pam Cook


Narrative: The structure of the story - Beginning, middle & end
Diegesis: The fictional time and space created by the narrative and the world in which the story takes place
Verisimilitude: Dependant on if it is true or real. To allow audience to engage it must appear to be real as we watch it (diegetic effect), the story therefore has verisimilitude and follow the rulse of continuity, temporal and spacial coherence.

Tzvetan Todorov suggests that all narratives follow a three part structure. They begin with equilibrium, where everything is balanced, progress as something comes along to disrupt that equilibrium, and finally reach a resolution, when equilibrium is restored.


Vladimir Propp came up with the theory that their are only a certain number of characters, who appear up in most narratives.

Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that all narratives had to be driven forward by conflict that was cause by a series of opposing forces. he called this the theory of Binary Opposition, and it is used to describe how each main force in a narrative has its equal and opposite.Analysing a narrative means identifying these opposing forces and understanding how the conflict between them will drive the narrative on until, finally, some sort of balance or resolution is achieved.

- light/dark
- good/evil
- noise/silence
- youth/age
- right/wrong
- poverty/wealth
- strength/weakness
- inside/outside



Tim O'Sullivan argues that all media texts tell us some kind of story. Media texts offer a way of telling stories about ourselves. Not all personal stories but the story of us as a culture or set of values.

Pam Cook argues that the Hollywood narrative structure should have:
- Linearity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution
- A high degree of narrative closure
- A fictional world that contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence.

Narrative Theorist - Essay Plan (notes)

Narrative is commonly known as a structure of a story  which has a beginning, middle and end.

Tim O'Sullivan stresses that all media text must have some kind of story to it. Media texts are ways of telling different stories of people as a group of people or and individual person.
Narrative theory shows that what we experience when reading a text to understand a particular set of constructions and conventions and it's important to be aware of how these constructions are put together.

Important words and meaning;
Narrative - structure to a story 
Diegesis - the fictional space and time implied by the narrative - what's being created e.g the world in which the story takes place.
Verisimilitude - the quality of appearing to be real of true. - Verisimilitude - following the rules of continuity, temporal and space coherence 

 Classical Narritive - Pam Cook
Linerity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of ENIGMA RESOLUTION.
A high degree of narrative closure
A fictional world that contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence

Kate Domaille 
Every story ever told can be fitted into one of eight narrative types. Each of these narrative types has a source, an original story upon which the others are based, These stories are as followed:
Achilles - The fatal flaw
Candide - The indomitable hero
Cinderalla - dream comes true
Circe - The Chase
Faust - Selling your soul
Orpheus - the gift that is taken away
Romeo and Juliet - The love story
Tristan and Iseult - The love triangle

Vladimir Propp concluded that regardless of the individual differences in terms of plot characters and setting, such narratives would share common structural features.

Narrative Theory

There are many different narrative theories that can all be adapted and linked to things, Pam Cooks  theory was that things should follow the plot of having a beginning, middle and end to it, where as my Thriller does not as it shows what's caused the worry/problem at the end rather then the end because it causes the audience to carry on watching.

Kate Domaille's theory was that every story can fit into one of eight narrative. Orpheus the loss of something is the one that fits into my Thriller as the male receiving the package is the one who has lost his wife and the male who has given the package is the one who has been jealous of the male having the girl and himself not.

Claude Levi's theory is that there's opposites so the audience can see who is the good guy and the bad guy. This also allows the audience to compare them with each other. My Thriller has opposites as the husband wanted to get his wife back when the other male had kidnapped her.

Vladimir Propp's theory is regardless of the differences they share things in common such as, suites, props, location and theme. My Thriller the actors are dressed in suites. The location is in a town/city. The props are similar to the props in other Thrillers.


Tzvetan Todorov's theory is that there are stages which contain, equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, action, restoration. This mean that there are these different stages through the Thriller. There are different stages through mine as it starts calm and then goes in to worried and builds tension.


Theory Genre - Pre Reading

Daniel Chandler - Conventional definitions of genre based on the notion that they constitute conventions of content (themes or settings) and from (structure and style) which are shared by texts which are regarded as belonging to them.

Steve Neale - Stresses that genres are not systems they are processes. They are dynamic and elvolve over time.

Jason Mittell - Argues that genres are cultural categories that leap boundaries of media texts and operate within industry, audience and cultural practices as well. Industries use genre to sell products to audiences. Allowing audiences to make choices.

Rick Altman - Argues that genres offers audiences a set of pleasures
- Emotional (audiences emotional response)
- Visceral (gut responses, feeling)
- Intellectual (Unravel a mistery, "whodunit")

Metz - Argued that the genres go through a cycle of changes during their lifetime
- Experimental stage
- Classic stage
- Parody stage
- Deconstruction stage

Nicholas Abercrombie - Suggests that the boundaries between genres are shifting and becoming more permeable. He is concerned with modern television, which he suggests seems to be engaged in a steady dismantling genre.

David Buckingham - Argues that genre is not simply given by culture but is a constant process of negotiation and change.

Typical mise-en-scene/visual style
- props
- set
- lighting
- location
- camera angles
- special effects

Typical types of narrative
- Plots
- Historical
- Setting
- Set pieces

Generic Types
- Characters
- Roles

Typical Personnel
- Directors
- Producers
- Actors
- Stars

Typical Sound Design
- Dialogue
- Music
- Sound effects


Tuesday, 7 October 2014

How To Write The Exam


Representation Exam

To what extent does your thriller conform to traditional structures of representation?

Introduction
Our thriller mainly conforms to the traditional structures of representation, this is provided through the analysis of my thriller and looking at different theories which the thriller is based upon. Our thriller opening sequence is a has a traditional typical thriller theme style which is apparent through the use of dark lighting, intense soundtrack, suits, a vulnerable woman and a sense of unknown.

Marxism
Our thriller strongly conforms to this theory, our thriller shows how the adult male social group is dominant over women. Identity is also constructed through the use of men in suits holding briefcases to enhance and show their power and authority. In contrast the vulnerable woman is shown to be in a typical dress that a woman would wear which builds and constructs her identity throughout. The male identity of the main character is constructed throughout showing him to be the most in control and powerful over all the other characters. This is also enhanced by the use of him being in the centre of the camera. The men also all behave/dress in a typical and similar way, the same for the only woman in the video. This conforms to Micheal Maffesoli’s theory.


Feminism
Our thriller also conforms to O’Sullivan et al’s theory, the main women is feminised and seen to be the typical vulnerable woman in the video. This is reflected in the language of the video, the woman does not speak showing her inability and weakness to talk in a are where there are predominantly males. Also the woman is assumed to be weak by the use of her being kidnapped to show her weakness and incapability to fight back. This is shown by the woman being objectified by the camera and voyerism is clear throughout through the use of chains and kidnapping. The video also shows that the predominant point of view is masculine - Laura Maulvey

Post Modernism
Our thriller does not conform to the idea of representations being blurred (Julian Mcdoughall). Our thriller clearly shows the clear definition between the two sexes. This video does relate to real life situations but this is more exercised and overdramatic, our thriller also follows traditional ideas of a typical thriller. This includes the villian, victim and a basic storyline. Also our video doesn't show hyperreality as it is very relatable and happens on a daily basis all over the world (Baudrillard).
Our thinner does not challenge the typical thriller idea, it uses men and women, where men are more dominant, low lighting, intense soundtrack and the typical men in suits and women in clothing that would create male gaze.

Stereotypes
Our thriller does show how the stereotypes are portrayed and defined throughout the video. Our video uses the process from O’Sullivan et al’s theory. As the thriller opening progresses the characters become more known and provides us with the woman being a typical sexual object who has been kidnapped by the assertive, powerful male. Our thriller also links to Martin Barker’s theory as the woman in our video is interpreted as vulnerable and weak. His theory provides the idea that women are stereotyped and misinterpreted in the real world as their are many women who are more dominant and powerful over men. She is also shown to be a sexual object by the way she is typically dressed in a tight fitted dress.

Conclusion

To conclude overall my thriller does strongly conform to the theories of representation throughout my video. This is created by basing our thriller upon other thrillers we have researched which all follow the “traditional” ways of making a thriller. This therefore was what we based our ideas upon which has made our thriller traditional and doesn't challenge the idea of what a thriller is. My thriller also strongly links to nearly all of the theories which shows that many of these theories apply to most if not all thrillers in some way.