Lesson Notes

Modernism

Traditional (1950's)

Post modernism - contemporary (1960's)

Collapse/weak

Ideology - idea of video 

Video - online choir

Re interpretation

Individual people, using webcam to film themselves singing

Prosumers - making music themselves, published online

Location boundaries - can make music anywhere and publish it.

Global community

Collect and collaborate online

Online social media 

Collapse of genres - hybrid - post modern

Provide an argument 

Post Modern Videos

This video is an example of Pastiche


This is an example of Superficial


This is an example of a Parody


This is an example of a disjointed narrative


This is an example of Hyperreality & Dystopia


This is an example of Simulacra and hybridity


This is an example of Hyperreal, Self Reflexivity


This is an example of Hyperreality


This is an example of Bricolage & Hyperreality

Characteristics of the way Post-modernism looks

Words:
Intertextuality - one media text referring to another, the breakdown of distinction between binary divides
Parody - Mocking something in an original way, no divide between high art and mass culture
Pastiche - Imitation of another work, artist or period
Bricolage - mixing up and using different genres and styles
Homage - imitation from a respectful standpoint

The distinction between media and reality has collapsed, and we now live in a reality defined by images and representations - a state of simulacrum
Images refer to each other and represent each other as reality rather than some 'pure' reality that exists before the image represents it - hyper-reality
Hybridity - The mixing and sampling of different kinds and levels 
Bricolage - This is used to refer to a process of adaptation of improvisation where aspects of one style are given quite different meanings when compared and collide with stylistic features from another or a combination of multiple. 
Self Reflexivity - Is the text aware that its is itself a constructed simulation or reproduction. 
Parody & Pastiche - Post Modern texts use Intertextuality to reference existing texts, sometimes as an HOMAGE 
Hyperreality - Reality is no longer pure or truth - our culture is saturated by media simulations of reality that we can no longer seperate them. The blurring of real and 'simulated', especially in film and reality TV or celebrity magazines both Hyper reality and CGI in films such as Avatar.
Jamesons Nostalgia & Cultural Recycling - Using Intertextuality, Parody and Pastiche

Wolverine - atomic bomb scene:

Pastiche

Telephone Parody:


Parody

A churchill moment:

Pastiche, homage, hyperreal

Royale with cheese - pulp fiction:

Simularcra, hybridity

Wrecking ball - Miley Cyrus:

Self-refelxivity

Apex Twin - come to daddy:

Hyper-real, hybridity

Dead set Divina zombie:

Hyper real, bricolage

Conclusion to today:
Nostalgia - a way of escapism
How do you create nostalgia? Intertextuality

H/W: Watch wreck it ralph and write:
- Its 12/03/14 on the blog 
How does ralph fit the words that are on the blog?
What is traditional/not traditional about him?

What we learned

What are 3 types of post-modernism?
Historical
Aesthetic
Philosophy

Paragraphs on these in the essay

3 Theorists:
Boudrilliard - hyper-reality and simulation 
Jameson - simulacra, hybrid
Lyotard (main 1 to look at) - collapse of structure, grand narratives

Post-modernism challenges modernism

Money (consumerism) - reputation, and 

Technology - global communication, social media, hyper real

Emptiness - collapse of rules, lack of meaning, lack of beliefs, rejection of what we're told to believe is true 

WW2, 1960s onwards we could consider as post-modernism 

Continuation of modernism in post-modernism 

Post modernism

1. 3 types of post modernism

- Historical

- Aesthetic

- Philosophy
(exam - will ask a question, use the 3 types of post modernism)

2. 3 big theorists

- Baudrillard - swimming in a sea of science - simulacra

- Jameson - hybridity

- Lyotard - structures collapsing - first theorist to realise this

3. binary opposites - post modernism and moderism, 

Post modernism - Collapsing of structures, rejection (like a relationship breakdown - gradual)

Modernism - Traditional structures

4. The foundation of post modernism is Consumerism (money) and technology - Western

5. Emptiness - wanting more, achieving aspirations - no beliefs

6. Historical event ending modernism - Second World War - doing something post modern was antisocial. 1960's 1970's
Atomic bomb - technology to wipe out the world

post modernism - the rejection in believing what you are being told is normal

Superficial & Empty - Something that appears real until looking into it further and seeing its not real. Feeling of emptiness and wanting more and more.

Parody - like intertextuality, taking ideas from other films and making a new film using these ideas. Remake of a video "taking the mick"

Pastiche - Imitating artistic work from another artist or period

Bricolage - Mixing up genres and styles

Homage - Imitation from a respectful standpoint

Hybridity - The mixing of different genres

Self Reflexivity - Is the text that it is itself a constructed simulation or reproduction.

Hyperreality - Blurring of what is real and simulated

Simulacra - Where you cannot differentiate between what is real and what is hyperreal.

Blurring of boundaries - Boundaries of time and periods in history have been blurred and have no time and no place.

Disjointed narrative structures - No typical happy ending in film.

Nostalgia - things that already exist from the past that provide pleasure when looking back on it. Not looking at the future, to escape. Create this using intertextuality

Post Modernism

Post modernism is the collapse of traditional structures, this is due to the advances in technology and the merging of genres creating hybrid genres.

Post modernism and modernism - binary opposites 

Similarcum - the distinction between media and reality has collapsed, we live in a reality defined by images and representation. 

Images refer to rah other and represent each other as reality rather than some pure reality that exists before the image represents it - hyper reality 

Baudrillard - hyper reality, simulatra. 

Exaggeration of reality, simulations of you eg Twitter instagram

work - Modernism

Modernism and Post modernism

Post-modernism is going against the traditional structure of a media text whether it be a film or article.

Take a film for example the traditional structure to a film would be a beginning, middle and ending to the film but films commonly, Thrillers they are known to change the traditional structure, this is shown as some Thrillers tend to have the end at the beginning of the film and the beginning at the end, this is commonly done to give the audience pleasure while watching the film.

Some media texts are described as post-modern as it don't include the traditional features in it.

both of the two videos shown have a narrator to tell the viewer what is happening in the clip while it's happening to engage the audience.

3 types of post - modernism 

Historical - after modernism or against modernism 

Aesthetics - way it looks 

Philosophy - what they think

3 but theories (people) 

-bourdrillard

-lyotard

- Jameson 

Post World  war 2 acting as a catalyst for postmodernism 

21/11/14 Lesson

Part 1:
Define what is POST-Modernism?

Post-modernism is media texts challenging traditonal ideas of either narrative, genre or representation.

Why is it different to Modernism?

Modernism is the traditional way of forming media texts.

What key terminology is there, which have we already encountered on the course?

Intertextuality                     Distopia

Simulacra                           Bricolage

Superficial                          Nostalgia

Hyper-real                          Prosumers

Post-modernism                 Collapse - Structure

Binary Opposites                Flow

Immersion

Who are the Big Theorists?

Boudrillard 

Lyotard

Jameson

What are some key Media texts?

What are the 3 types of Post-Modernism?

What are the characteristics of Post Modernism?

Part 2:

What is the essay about from looking at past questions:

The essay will require you to write a comparison between current post-modern media against traditional media and arguments for and against post-modernism. 

Part 3:

3 aspects of post-modernism (characteristics):

- Historical (as an era – 'after' Modernism or 'against modernism', end of history/progress, cynical, what caused it, when is it?)
- Aesthetic (what it looks like, style over substance, retro, nostalgia)
- Philosophy (what it thinks like – grand/meta narratives, hyper-reality, simulated)

Part 4:

Essay:

What do we mean by Post-Modern media?
Post-modern media is media created in the present day which conforms to the traditional ideas of media. Post-modernism can be seen in narrative, genre and represention throughout media texts. For example, in narrative the traditional media text would have a beginning, middle and end. Therefore a post-modern narrative will go against this and could show the end at the start of the film or have a non-linear narrative.

Post-modernism exam notes

Media 18/11/14 

Intertextuality 

Distopia

Simulacra

Bricolage

Pastiche & parody 

Superficial 

Nostalgia

Hyper-reality

Prosumers 

Grand narratives 

Leighmediaa212pomo.blogspotkkk.co.uk

9/11 video:

Destruction

Death 

Smoke 

Collapse

Wreck it Ralph video connection with 9/11: 

Buildings are being destroyed 

One is sad while the other is fun 

Post-modernism is making things more joyful and taking things from reality, turning it into hyper-reality, making it more enjoyable to watch. 

Collapsed - structure - genre, narrative 

Post modernism is about structures collapsing 

Existing structures/ traditional ideas is modernism 

Post modernism and modernism are binary opposites 

What are Post-modern elements of Extras ?

- Theres no depth behind fame

- Fame is almost a simulation

- You're just famous to be famous

Why is Grand Theft Auto Post-modern?

- Subvert our traditional ideas about distiniction between reality and simulation

- It immerses the person into a convincing and believable world 

Why is the Cadburys Gorilla ad Post-modern?

- It is a realistic looking gorilla being affected by music then playing the drums - hyper real

- There is no story in the advert and no connection to chocolate

What does FLOW and IMMERSION mean?

- Immersion: describes how the gamer invests imagination in the game and is absorbed into the game-world

- Flow: A state whereby an activity demands incrementally harder but increasingly pleasurable and achievable challenged while providing regular feedback on degrees of success. Flow makes immersion difficult while also feeling creating and pleasurable, so the feeling of being lost in the game-world leads to an enhanced state of 'happy hyper-reality' 

Boudrillad - can't tell the difference between reality and hyper reality - distortion of reality

Lyotard - 

Simulacra - the simulation of the online you

Nostalgia - remembering things from the past - good memories from being a child 

Post modernism is recognised because there is no depth or meaning - superficial

Family used to be the most important thing, 

Religion/Science, 

Nation - believe in their country

Post modernism is not a belief in nothing but is a group of ideas which have no been grouped together 

Money and technology has built post-modernism 

Part 2 of the lesson:
What are some key Media texts?

What are the 3 types of Post-Modernism?

- intertextual - one media text referring to another

- Parody - mocking something in an original way

- Simulacra (Simulation) - the blurring of real and 'simulated' is a familiar feature of postmodern texts, 

Post modernism

Structures
Collapsing
Hyperreality
Modernism & Post modernism - Binary Opposition
Deconstruction
Immersion
Baudrillard
Lyotard
Dysmorphia
Rejection of ideas
Superficial
Belief

Consumerism - Spending money, wanting more, not satisfying needs, feel empty.
- no belief

Western World - More wealth than the rest of the world.

Distopia
Simulacra & Hyperreality - Baudrillard

Bricolage - This is used to refer to the process of adaptation or improvisation where the aspects of one style are given quite different meanings when compared and collide with stylistic features of another or a combination of multiple.

Pastiche - Pastiche is the imitation of a text’s features by another text

Parody - A parody is a work that mimics in an absurd or ridiculous way the conventions and style of another work in order to derive ridicule, ironic comment or affectionate fun.

Superficial - Appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely.

Nostalgia -

post - modernism notes

What key terminology is there, which have we already encountered on the course?

Who are the Big Theorists?

10 things you need to know about Post-Modernism (themes, what it is)

10 Things you need to know about Postmodernism

1. Postmodernism comes after Modernism and refers to living in contemporarytimes - times that react against what has come before (nostalgia).

2. There is a lack of faith in anything new as Postmodernism believeseverything has been done before and nothing new can be created (hybridsand remakes).

3. As Modernism celebrated science and technology Postmodernism celebrates the opposite - technology for technologies sake (Iphone).

4. Postmodernism suggest there is no literal meaning under the surface of things so things become superficial and empty (Derrida).

5. Postmodernism apposes "Meta Narratives" big theories or ideas that attempt to understand using the same approach (predicted grades, race theory and gender identity).

6. Postmodern culture tends to be pessimistic and dystopian lacking faith in leaders, questioning right and wrong and dark in tone (terrorism, Batman and Political sleaze)

7. Postmodernism suggests that knowledge has been gathered in a way that has benefited someone so can we actually trust it - has all knowledge been written from the winning team? (Foucault).

8. Postmodernism celebrates the image rather than the real so we may buy things that look good but do not perform there function - style over substance (ripped jeans)

9. Reality has become "hyperreal"- due to media saturation we are used to and prefer the artificial over the real experience (sweets, obesity crisis and tourism).

10. Postmodernism promotes alienation from nature, other people, reality and the self - culture and society becomes inverted (social networking)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Revision Notes

Genre, Representation and narrative

Genre-
To what extent does your thriller conform to traditional structures of genre?

Genre offeres pleasure to the audience yet is different pleasures.

Narrative -
Narrative is commonly known as a structure of a story  which has a beginning, middle and end.

Representation-

To what extent does your Thriller conform to traditional structures of representations?

Our Thriller does conform to some traditional theories but challenges some that may not conform to the ‘traditional structure.

Consumerism

Everything costs money

Russell Brand:

If you wanna be happy you have to have people adore you and have money

Lacker happiness in glamour and future 

Can't make yourself happy by getting famous

People who say the system works, it only works for them - only works for upper class, people who go against it are marginalised 

We're given a choice but it's not what we want 

Being told to buy more things to make you happy 

Moderism and Post-modernism in our music video

Genre
- Jason Mittel: use genre to sell to the audience -  using the mix of R&B and soul sells to a bigger audience and mixes the two types of music - conforms to this (modernism)

- Rick Altman - offers audience a set of 'pleasures' - our music video and song offer emotional pleasures because it offers the audience to relate to the song - conforms (modernism)

- David Buckingham  - genre is not simply given - show the genre through what is contained - conforms 

Representation
- David Gauntlett  - identities are not given but constructed - the image of the girl is shown throughout the video and the audience build up their own idea of the identity

- Julian McDougall - reality and media becomes blurred and invisible to us - the story shown in our video can be seen as relatable and is a very realistic and understandable story - conforms

- Laura Mulvey - dominant point of view is masculine - we do not have a masculine point of view and the point of view is just from our main character as though we are watching over her - does not conform

Narrative
- Tzetvan Todorov - has a structure of equilibrium - our character is sad at the start, then starts realising that she is better than she thinks and is happy at the end - conforms

- Tim O'Sullivan - media texts has some type of story - our music video has a story with a beginning, middle and end - conforms  

- Kate Domaille - every story fits into one of 8 narrative types - our music video does not conform to this because it does not fit into any of the 8 narrative types

Genre - 30 minutes

Essay

To what extent does your thriller conform to traditional structures of genre?

My thriller follows some but not all genre structures.  We didn’t include everything that each theory included as we didn’t need to. Many things are expected in thrillers and to carry this out we needed to include that so it would conform to that theory.

Neale’s theory was that over time the thriller is dynamic and evolves over time. My thriller does not conform to this as the thriller does not evolve over time due to showing the reason as to why the men are meeting and exchanging package is shown at the end of the thriller. If it was to evolve over time the kidnapped girl would be shown at the beginning.

Chandler’s theory is that the setting, prop, costume, camera angles and lighting. The settings of the place is in a busy town using a male in suite as this

5 Theories - Pre Reading

5 Theories

- Tzetvan Todorov
- Vladimir Propp

- Claude Levi-Strauss
- Tim O'Sullivan
- Pam Cook

Narrative: The structure of the story - Beginning, middle & end

Diegesis: The fictional time and space created by the narrative and the world in which the story takes place

Verisimilitude: Dependant on if it is true or real. To allow audience to engage it must appear to be real as we watch it (diegetic effect), the story therefore has verisimilitude and follow the rulse of continuity, temporal and spacial coherence.

Tzvetan Todorov suggests that all narratives follow a three part structure. They begin with equilibrium, where everything is balanced, progress as something comes along to disrupt that equilibrium, and finally reach a resolution, when equilibrium is restored.

Vladimir Propp came up with the theory that their are only a certain number of characters, who appear up in most narratives.

Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that all narratives had to be driven forward by conflict that was cause by a series of opposing forces. he called this the theory of Binary Opposition, and it is used to describe how each main force in a narrative has its equal and opposite.Analysing a narrative means identifying these opposing forces and understanding how the conflict between them will drive the narrative on until, finally, some sort of balance or resolution is achieved.

- light/dark

- good/evil

- noise/silence

- youth/age

- right/wrong

- poverty/wealth

- strength/weakness

- inside/outside

Tim O'Sullivan argues that all media texts tell us some kind of story. Media texts offer a way of telling stories about ourselves. Not all personal stories but the story of us as a culture or set of values.

Pam Cook argues that the Hollywood narrative structure should have:

- Linearity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution

- A high degree of narrative closure

- A fictional world that contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence.

Narrative Theorist - Essay Plan (notes)

Narrative is commonly known as a structure of a story  which has a beginning, middle and end.

Tim O'Sullivan stresses that all media text must have some kind of story to it. Media texts are ways of telling different stories of people as a group of people or and individual person.

Narrative theory shows that what we experience when reading a text to understand a particular set of constructions and conventions and it's important to be aware of how these constructions are put together.

Important words and meaning;

Narrative - structure to a story 

Diegesis - the fictional space and time implied by the narrative - what's being created e.g the world in which the story takes place.

Verisimilitude - the quality of appearing to be real of true. - Verisimilitude - following the rules of continuity, temporal and space coherence 

 Classical Narritive - Pam Cook

Linerity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of ENIGMA RESOLUTION.

A high degree of narrative closure

A fictional world that contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence

Kate Domaille 

Every story ever told can be fitted into one of eight narrative types. Each of these narrative types has a source, an original story upon which the others are based, These stories are as followed:
Achilles - The fatal flaw
Candide - The indomitable hero
Cinderalla - dream comes true
Circe - The Chase
Faust - Selling your soul
Orpheus - the gift that is taken away
Romeo and Juliet - The love story
Tristan and Iseult - The love triangle

Vladimir Propp concluded that regardless of the individual differences in terms of plot characters and setting, such narratives would share common structural features.

Narrative Theory

There are many different narrative theories that can all be adapted and linked to things, Pam Cooks  theory was that things should follow the plot of having a beginning, middle and end to it, where as my Thriller does not as it shows what's caused the worry/problem at the end rather then the end because it causes the audience to carry on watching.

Kate Domaille's theory was that every story can fit into one of eight narrative. Orpheus the loss of something is the one that fits into my Thriller as the male receiving the package is the one who has lost his wife and the male who has given the package is the one who has been jealous of the male having the girl and himself not.

Claude Levi's theory is that there's opposites so the audience can see who is the good guy and the bad guy. This also allows the audience to compare them with each other. My Thriller has opposites as the husband wanted to get his wife back when the other male had kidnapped her.

Vladimir Propp's theory is regardless of the differences they share things in common such as, suites, props, location and theme. My Thriller the actors are dressed in suites. The location is in a town/city. The props are similar to the props in other Thrillers.


Tzvetan Todorov's theory is that there are stages which contain, equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, action, restoration. This mean that there are these different stages through the Thriller. There are different stages through mine as it starts calm and then goes in to worried and builds tension.

Theory Genre - Pre Reading

Daniel Chandler - Conventional definitions of genre based on the notion that they constitute conventions of content (themes or settings) and from (structure and style) which are shared by texts which are regarded as belonging to them.

Steve Neale - Stresses that genres are not systems they are processes. They are dynamic and elvolve over time.

Jason Mittell - Argues that genres are cultural categories that leap boundaries of media texts and operate within industry, audience and cultural practices as well. Industries use genre to sell products to audiences. Allowing audiences to make choices.

Rick Altman - Argues that genres offers audiences a set of pleasures
- Emotional (audiences emotional response)
- Visceral (gut responses, feeling)
- Intellectual (Unravel a mistery, "whodunit")

Metz - Argued that the genres go through a cycle of changes during their lifetime
- Experimental stage
- Classic stage
- Parody stage
- Deconstruction stage

Nicholas Abercrombie - Suggests that the boundaries between genres are shifting and becoming more permeable. He is concerned with modern television, which he suggests seems to be engaged in a steady dismantling genre.

David Buckingham - Argues that genre is not simply given by culture but is a constant process of negotiation and change.

Typical mise-en-scene/visual style
- props
- set
- lighting
- location
- camera angles
- special effects

Typical types of narrative
- Plots
- Historical
- Setting
- Set pieces

Generic Types
- Characters
- Roles

Typical Personnel
- Directors
- Producers
- Actors
- Stars

Typical Sound Design
- Dialogue
- Music
- Sound effects

How To Write The Exam

Representation Exam

To what extent does your thriller conform to traditional structures of representation?

Introduction

Our thriller mainly conforms to the traditional structures of representation, this is provided through the analysis of my thriller and looking at different theories which the thriller is based upon. Our thriller opening sequence is a has a traditional typical thriller theme style which is apparent through the use of dark lighting, intense soundtrack, suits, a vulnerable woman and a sense of unknown.

Marxism

Our thriller strongly conforms to this theory, our thriller shows how the adult male social group is dominant over women. Identity is also constructed through the use of men in suits holding briefcases to enhance and show their power and authority. In contrast the vulnerable woman is shown to be in a typical dress that a woman would wear which builds and constructs her identity throughout. The male identity of the main character is constructed throughout showing him to be the most in control and powerful over all the other characters. This is also enhanced by the use of him being in the centre of the camera. The men also all behave/dress in a typical and similar way, the same for the only woman in the video. This conforms to Micheal Maffesoli’s theory.

Feminism

Our thriller also conforms to O’Sullivan et al’s theory, the main women is feminised and seen to be the typical vulnerable woman in the video. This is reflected in the language of the video, the woman does not speak showing her inability and weakness to talk in a are where there are predominantly males. Also the woman is assumed to be weak by the use of her being kidnapped to show her weakness and incapability to fight back. This is shown by the woman being objectified by the camera and voyerism is clear throughout through the use of chains and kidnapping. The video also shows that the predominant point of view is masculine - Laura Maulvey

Post Modernism

Our thriller does not conform to the idea of representations being blurred (Julian Mcdoughall). Our thriller clearly shows the clear definition between the two sexes. This video does relate to real life situations but this is more exercised and overdramatic, our thriller also follows traditional ideas of a typical thriller. This includes the villian, victim and a basic storyline. Also our video doesn't show hyperreality as it is very relatable and happens on a daily basis all over the world (Baudrillard).

Our thinner does not challenge the typical thriller idea, it uses men and women, where men are more dominant, low lighting, intense soundtrack and the typical men in suits and women in clothing that would create male gaze.

Stereotypes

Our thriller does show how the stereotypes are portrayed and defined throughout the video. Our video uses the process from O’Sullivan et al’s theory. As the thriller opening progresses the characters become more known and provides us with the woman being a typical sexual object who has been kidnapped by the assertive, powerful male. Our thriller also links to Martin Barker’s theory as the woman in our video is interpreted as vulnerable and weak. His theory provides the idea that women are stereotyped and misinterpreted in the real world as their are many women who are more dominant and powerful over men. She is also shown to be a sexual object by the way she is typically dressed in a tight fitted dress.

Conclusion

To conclude overall my thriller does strongly conform to the theories of representation throughout my video. This is created by basing our thriller upon other thrillers we have researched which all follow the “traditional” ways of making a thriller. This therefore was what we based our ideas upon which has made our thriller traditional and doesn't challenge the idea of what a thriller is. My thriller also strongly links to nearly all of the theories which shows that many of these theories apply to most if not all thrillers in some way.

Representation Essay

To what extent does your thriller conform to traditional structures of representation?

Our thriller does conform to traditional structures of representation, however there are ways in which it doesn't too. Our thriller does conform to tradition through marxism and through stereotypes, however it does not conform through feminism and representations of reality. 

Our thriller conforms to traditional structures of representation through marxism. Our thriller conforms to the theory of Michel Maffesoli that members of small groups have similar views, dress codes and behaviours. You can see this as all of our characters have similar identities and therefore all have a smart dress code. However, their behaviours and actions are different and this is what separates the good and the bad from each other. This also links to David Gauntlett's theory that characters are not given identities but it is their actions and appearance which gives them an identity. Our thriller also conforms to this as we do not clearly give our characters identities but throughout the thriller you can see their characters develop and therefore the audience can construct their own view on the characters. As our thriller conforms to these theories it is clear that, through marxism, our thriller conforms to traditional structure of representation. This is because the theories are explanations of tradition representation therefore if our thriller conforms to these, it conforms to traditional structures.

Our thriller also conforms to the traditional structures of representation through stereotypes. This is because there are the clear stereotypes of good and evil in our thriller. O'Sullivan et al has the theory that stereotypes can be clearly identified and are labels of people within different groups. Our thriller conforms to this because of the clear representation of good and evil stereotypes. You can see these stereotypes in the men of the thriller because of their actions and also the way in which they oppose each other. For example, our protagonist is faced against 4 other men (the antagonists are giving an unfair fight), however appears powerful and defeats them, apart from one who suddenly attacks the protagonist, knocking him unconscious. This also fits in with Richard Dyer's theory that people fit in with their social groups. Our thriller conforms to this theory because the way in which the antagonists behave is as a group and they act intimidating against the sole protagonist. However as they are behaving this way, the protagonist would not fit into this social group as he appears more relaxed and is clearly part of a different social group. The only way in which our thriller does not conform to stereotypes is because it is not clear as to what stereotype the woman fits into as there is only a short clip of where she is involved in the thriller. 

Our thriller does not conform to the traditional structures of feminism. Our thriller does not conform to feminism as it does not include a male gaze figure. The woman in our thriller is seen as the dispatcher and almost the cause of the fight between the good and evil, rather than being seen as a sexual object. You can tell that she is not a male gaze due to the lack of voyeurism and camera angles used to make her appear sexualised. She is also not in a provocative dress code, causing the audience to not be looking at her body but to be looking at what is actually happening the film. This conforms to Laura Mulvey's idea that women are seen as a male gaze and the men are looking at her in a sexual way. As this is traditional of representations of women our thriller therefore conforms to tradition through this. 

Our thriller is also post-modern through the representations of reality. Our thriller conforms to Julian McDougall's theory that media and reality are becoming blurred, therefore changing from tradition. Our thriller shows ways in which media and reality are becoming blurred. Our thriller is not real however can be seen as realistic through the familiar location and the idea of MI5. As MI5 is a real job people may see the way in which our characters act as what a job in MI5 is like, however we have exaggerated the work in which the job entails. As it has been exaggerated it can also been seen as hyper real. Therefore, our thriller conforms to traditional structures because it has that new idea of media and reality becoming blurred into one. 

in conclusion, I think that our thriller conforms to tradition more than it doesn't conform to tradition. I think this because in the way it does conform are more influential on the final film compared to the ways in which it doesn't conform. This is because including stereotypes and marxism are vital when creating the thriller because they are to do with the characters, which are a main focus of the film. Also, as feminism is not a huge part of our clip and the woman in the clip is not seen as a main character this does not have a huge impact on traditional structures. Although the representation of reality does have an impact on the thriller I feel as it does not have a bigger impact on traditional structures of representation compared to marxism and stereotypes.